Free Essays on Coldplay

History of Rock Music 287 Parachutes by Coldplay Mark: EMD/Capitol, (recorded 2000). Delivered by Ken Nelson and Kris Allison. Choices: Don’t Panic, Shiver, Spies, Sparks, Yellow, Trouble, Parachutes, High Speed, We Never Change, Everything’s Not Lost. Work force: Chris Martin, vocals piano, Jon Buckland, guitar, Will Champion, drums, and Guy Berryman, bass. Coldplay as of late won a Grammy grant for Parachutes for Best Alternative Album. The main thing amiss with that will be that Parachutes had the right to be named for Best Album. The entirety of the group of four went to the University College of London. The sum total of what four had been playing instruments since their initial adolescents and been affected by preferences of Bob Dylan, Neil Young, and Eric Clapton. With just their full-debut collection and a couple EPs they have just joined the positions of England’s tip top including Oasis, Verve, and Radiohead. They are drawing correlations with Scotland’s Travis and the late Jeff Buckley, who I as of late have likewise taken an enthusiasm to. This collection additionally earned the band a Mercury Music Prize designation and won three Brit Awards selections. The collection was discharged in the U.K. in November 2000, and was discharged a month later in the U.S. They have discharged two singles off this collection and they have both had enormous achievement, Yellow at that point followed by Trouble. Many may have first heard their first single Yellow on ABC, on the grounds that in 2000 it was picked as the signature melody for their games advancement spots. This band has delighted in practically moment accomplishment in the wake of marking with their name in April 1999. Parachutes is an ideal parity of trouble and euphoria, which they can switch to and fro instantly. The collection starts with its most limited track (2:17) Don’t Panic, which begins with a kind of British society rock sound and develops into a sort of spacey electric guitar piece with piano impeccably included. Buckland’s Pink Floyd looking like guitar sound mixes great... Free Essays on Coldplay Free Essays on Coldplay History of Rock Music 287 Parachutes by Coldplay Mark: EMD/Capitol, (recorded 2000). Delivered by Ken Nelson and Kris Allison. Determinations: Don’t Panic, Shiver, Spies, Sparks, Yellow, Trouble, Parachutes, High Speed, We Never Change, Everything’s Not Lost. Faculty: Chris Martin, vocals piano, Jon Buckland, guitar, Will Champion, drums, and Guy Berryman, bass. Coldplay as of late won a Grammy grant for Parachutes for Best Alternative Album. The main thing amiss with that will be that Parachutes had the right to be selected for Best Album. The entirety of the group of four went to the University College of London. The sum total of what four had been playing instruments since their initial youngsters and been affected by preferences of Bob Dylan, Neil Young, and Eric Clapton. With just their full-debut collection and a couple EPs they have just joined the positions of England’s world class including Oasis, Verve, and Radiohead. They are drawing correlations with Scotland’s Travis and the late Jeff Buckley, who I as of late have additionally taken an enthusiasm to. This collection additionally earned the band a Mercury Music Prize assignment and won three Brit Awards selections. The collection was discharged in the U.K. in November 2000, and was discharged a month later in the U.S. They have discharged two singles off this colle ction and they have both had huge achievement, Yellow at that point followed by Trouble. Many may have first heard their first single Yellow on ABC, in light of the fact that in 2000 it was picked as the signature melody for their games advancement spots. This band has appreciated practically moment accomplishment subsequent to marking with their name in April 1999. Parachutes is an ideal equalization of bitterness and rapture, which they can switch to and fro instantly. The collection starts with its most limited track (2:17) Don’t Panic, which begins with a kind of British society rock sound and advances into a sort of spacey electric guitar piece with piano consummately included. Buckland’s Pink Floyd taking after guitar sound mixes great...

Transcendental themes Essay Example For Students

Supernatural topics Essay The Dead Poets Society Is about a gathering of tuition based school young men In the North East. They experience an instructor, Mr.. Keating, whom is somewhat not quite the same as most instructors. He needed to impart the inspiration to look past what society was advising them to do as opposed to show the typical educational program. He utilized Thoreau thoughts on introspective philosophy by demonstrating them to rise above or go past the standards that society presents and make their own autonomy. Mr.. Keating prevailing in his endeavors by instructing them to have an independent perspective, Transcendental topics. Chief Peter Weir delineates that the film Dead Poets Society echoes Transcendentalist ideas in content in that confidence and independence must exceed outside power and visually impaired adjustment to custom or convention, instinct is better than conscious intellectualism and levelheadedness and in structure through the possibility that one can discover truth and magnificence in nature. One of the shopping center Ideas of Transcendentalism Is that ones own suppositions ought to beat conscious similarity. Emerson composed worried that idea saying, Whoso would take care of business, must be a protester. Emerson firmly relates ones being with dissention, along these lines showing that one who conforms to societys wishes is to a lesser extent a man, or yet a genuine man by any stretch of the imagination, saying, Imitation is self destruction. He pronounces similarity Is equivalent to tossing ones own thoughts, Identity, and soul away, which Is the proportionate to closure ones life. Henr y David Thoreau has convictions like Emerson on the subject of congruity, expressing, If a man doesn't stay up with his allies, maybe it is on the grounds that he hears an alternate drummer. We will compose a custom paper on Transcendental subjects explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Let him venture to the music which he hears, anyway estimated or distant. To hear an alternate drummer intimates to accept or act uniquely in contrast to the normal agreement. Thoreau states that it is okay to think or act in this extraordinary way, as conceptual from the basic as It might be. Dead Poets society relates the Idea of confidence through Its substance. Mr.. Keating frantically needs the young men to hear something else from what different grown-ups are letting them know by telling the understudies, Dont be lemmings, locate your own walk! what's more, Dont acclimate; make it for yourself. Mr.. Keating needs them to challenge the recognizable qualities and follow their hearts. The entirety of his exercises have the basic topical thought of non-congruity, which are the solitary most Important parts of his training. On the main day of class Mr.. Keating convinces the youngsters to remain on their work areas. l remain upon my work area to advise you that we should continually take a gander at things in an alternate manner. Remaining on the work area represents independence, while everybody who simply sits in their work area is Just fitting in with the regular desire. The condition encompassing Neal Perrys self destruction. After Mr.. Perry saw his sublime presentation in A Midsummers Night Dream, he brings his child home and generally lets him know, Were making a decent attempt to comprehend why it is that you demand challenging s. Whatever the explanation, were not going to let you ruin your life. Tomorrow Im pulling back you from Walton and enlisting you in Braded Military School. Youre going to Harvard and youre going to be a specialist. This isn't Meals dream or wish; he needs to be an entertainer. After this experience, Neal ends it all. Neal shows that he needs more out of life than what his family was compelling him to do, yet the battle with similarity was unreasonably extraordinary for him. In Meals circumstance impersonation is actually self destruction. While Neal is the free soul who decides to look further than anticipated, Mr.. Perry, whom Neal was battling, is the encapsulation of congruity. Mr.. Perry perfectly puts his shoes in a similar detect each night. His activity attests the superfluous structure of congruity. He does this since it is the best possible and right way and he couldn't care less to challenge it. Visionaries not just accept that it is important to investigate ones heart to locate an individual calling, yet they additionally accept that singular knowledge is better than demonstrated idea. .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .postImageUrl , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:hover , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:visited , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:active { border:0!important; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:active , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: strong; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9eca24611 89c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Work 18, Will I Compare Thee EssayEmerson takes the philosophy and places it into striking verse articulating, No law can be holy to me yet that of my temperament. The understudies educator, Mr.. Keating, accepts that instinct is unapproachable contrasted with intellectualism, and he attempts to impart his insight to his understudies. After Mr.. Keating asks Neal to peruse a paper by Mr.. J. Evans Pritchard that educates how to review the enormity regarding verse on a x, y hub, Mr.. Keating Jumps out of his seat and shouts, Armies of scholastics going ahead, estimating verse. No, we won't have that here. Nothing else of Mr. . J. Evans Pritchard. Presently in my group you will figure out how to think for yourselves once more. You will figure out how to appreciate words and language. Regardless of what anyone lets you know, words and thoughts can change the world. Mr.. Keating totally ignores Pritchard thought and urges the young men to not gauge the verse by a coldhearted diagram, which is intentional intellectualism, yet to have an independent perspective. The thoughts of tastefulness and information on nature are clear all through the structure of the Dead Poets Society. Tranquil pictures of nature at its best were constantly uncovered between different scenes of the film. These peaceful shots of nature remind the watcher that nature is quiet and awesome, and it is there that genuine sides is found. The Dead Poets Society didn't meet in an apartment or sumptuous conference center, however in a dull, sodden cavern somewhere down in the forested areas. The setting of their gatherings stresses the subject of their discussion, supernatural verse. The youngsters of the general public are experienced their co nvictions by endeavoring to discover motivation there. During the emotional minutes before Meals self destruction the camera uncovers emblematic things. To begin with, snow is imagined outside when Neal opens the window. Neal opens the window since he needs to be ameliorated by the white, sparkling, snow-shrouded nature. At that point, a nearby of the crown of thistles that he wore in the gradually puts on his head affirms that he believes that nature drove him to the correct answer in his quandary. All through the film the supernatural thought of magnificence inside nature is radiated through camera edges and the setting. In general, Dead Poets Society displays three specific qualities of the supernatural way of thinking: the solid conviction that the world ought not adjust to society, sane intellectualism is shoddier than sense, and reality and exquisiteness are situated in nature. Thoreau and Emerson would have adored this film!

21 The Movie Night

21 The Movie Night Before we get to scenes from the MIT Class of 2012 Movie Night, Ill share a few of my thoughts and observations after having seen 21 this weekend (now the #1 movie in the country): Lots of folks have been interested in 4-145, the Blackjack Team practice room. For example, Chris wrote, 4-145, the blackjack team room, should be one of the first-floor rooms of Building 4 here at MIT. Although the movie producers got the numbering system right, the numbers of the rooms arent stuck on the lower right of the glass panels of the rooms (especially not in Building 4 theyre affixed to a placard next to the door). Also, we have a lot of recitations in Building 4, and the classrooms are definitely not laid out anything like that classroom in the movie. I actually thought the movie 4-145 was closer to the real thing than most of the rooms in the movie (I thought Bens dorm room was much more soulless than any dorm room Ive seen at MIT). But see for yourself. Below is the movie 4-145, then the real 4-145: Anyway, see the room for yourself when you visit MIT. Its not hard to find. I liked seeing Jeff Ma 94 (the real Ben Campbell) get more than a passing shot of screen time as Jeffrey, the blackjack dealer: In the movie, Bens major is pre-med. Of course, theres no pre-med major students interested in medicine major in lots of different departments. Giving MIT characters fake majors is nothing new, though: take, for example, 2003s The Recruit, where Colin Farrells CIA trainee character, James Clayton, majored in non-linear cryptography. The 2.09 competition? Well, as others have already noted, there is no class called 2.09 at MIT. The closest in number would probably be the awesome course 2.009: Product Engineering Processes. 2.009, like 2.09, is a team-based competition, but team size is 15-18 students rather than 2 for 2.09. Near to 2.009 is 2.007: Design Manufacturing I, MITs famous robotics competition course (and the class that FIRST Robotics was based on). Unlike 2.09, though, 2.007 is an individual competition, and theres no judging only robot battle to determine the winner. Both 2.009 and 2.007, like 2.09, are pretty big deals on campus, and have significant corporate sponsorship. The fictional 2.09 is sponsored by the MIT alum-founded company iRobot. Their CEO, Colin Angle 89 SM 91, makes a cameo in the movie (I believe as the 2.09 judge, but Im not sure). Zach 10, though, notes in the comments of Chris entry that the course could be 2.12: Introduction to Robotics: Great post! my one comment is directed toward clarifying the course 2 part of the movie :). the 2.09 competition would be most analogous to 2.12, Introduction to Robotics. 2.007 is indeed a robot competition, BUT: 1) its an individual event 2) the robots are remote controlled, not programmed and 3) the materials and task are very limited. The robots in the movie seem too complicated, plus they all do their own thing, to be 2.007 bots. however, 2.12 is a team based competition, and the robots are programmed to be autonomous (although I think that course 2 and course 6 students team up and the 2s build while the 6ers program) Probably, were all just over-analyzing this its just a movie, after all. Okay, on to movie night 21: Bay Area Back row: Jackie Chan, Peter15, Alejandro12, Mike12, Drew12, Michael Front row: Yuanyu12, Tiffany11, Stephen11, Rachel12, Sareena12, Katherine12, Linda12, Steffi Rachel 12 writes, Sorry, a few non-prefrosh sneaked into the picture. Hopefully we have enough real ones to make up for it. The Bay Area is pretty conducive to finding MIT people =) It might be noteworthy that 10 people in our group are FIRST Roboticsers, and I think 5 are/have been team captains (including the guy taking the picture, but he goes to Harvard). Coincidence? The movie was pretty fun, although a lot of scenes went like this: 21: [math joke/commentary about MIT students not having lives] Us: [collective groan] Also, during the abrupt, exposition-free sex scene: Oh my god, where did the plot just go? I lost it!' 21: Boston Lauren 12, Xiaoli 12, Kimberly 12, Kevin, Allison 12, Mario 12 21: Seattle Calvin 12, Darien (younger sister 12), Matthew Says Calvin, We attempt to spell MIT with three people, but as you can see, it didnt go very well. I guess our human positioning skills were a bit lacking. We had a great time, and I loved the opening panoramic shot of Boston along Harvard Bridge. I tried to spot some of the Smoots, but I think I ended up missing them. 21: Chicago Emily 12, Evelyn 12, Stephanie 12 Emily writes, At the movies. We didnt have our MIT gear, but we spelled out MIT with our fingers and brought the book. 21: San Antonio Kayla 12, Beatriz 12 Says Kayla, Two MIT 12s in MIT gear. :D (no book though, sorry!~) 21: Kalamazoo Omar 12 21: Houston Ahmed 12 Ahmed writes, I thought the movie was alright. The cheesy and cliche dialogue kind of killed it. 21: New York City Akara 12, Evá 12, Lesley 12, Becky 12 Becky writes, Lol, we forgot to take our picture when we were at the theatre, and the nearest bookstore didnt have the book. Oh, well. 21: Howard County, Maryland Phil 12, Danny 12, Jennifer 12, Samantha 12 Kayla 12 of San Antonio (above) says of this photo, ah i think you guys get the most bonus points! despite the one guy not wearing MIT gear. unless i cant read that? haha whatev, props. :) 21: Atlanta Heidi 12, Marcel 12 Not only did they see the movie, Marcel also wowed everyone with a card trick: 21: East Bay Ivy 12, Celena 12 21: Florida Keys Friend and Fausto 12 Fausto writes, Me and a friend (non-prefrosh sorry, I needed someone to hold the poster up) going to see 21. No book but I brought MIT stuff! 21: Cleveland Matt 12, Alison 12, Steven 12, Beneah 12 After the blog entry was posted, Steven 12 wrote, Nooooo!! I just came back from seeing 21, WITH 3 MIT PREFROSH!! AND TOOK PICTURES! (and even put them on the MIT Class of 2012 website SO if you wanted to put a picture up it would be really cool and I would love you forever) (and ever) (andevveerrrr)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Essay - 2241 Words

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome The carpal tunnel is a passageway that runs from the forearm through the wrist. Bones form three walls of the tunnel and a strong, broad ligament bridges over them. The median nerve, which supplies feeling to the thumb, index (4th digit), and ring fingers (3rd digit), and the nine tendons that flex the fingers, passes through this tunnel. This nerve, also, provides function for the muscles at the base of the thumb (the Thenar muscles). Usually, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is considered an inflammatory disorder caused by repetitive stress, physical injury, or medical conditions that cause the tissues around the median nerve to become swollen. The protective lining of the tendons within the carpal tunnel can†¦show more content†¦Such conditions are known contributors to CTS. It is most likely that many cases of CTS occur from a combination of factors, including a predisposing medical condition exacerbated by work stress and psychological and social stressers. In many patients with CTS, an underlying cause for the disorder cannot be discovered. Disorders related to work that requires repetitive motion are increasing. They account for nearly half of all reported work related illness, and CTS is estimated to account for over 41% of these repetitive motion disorders. Researchers have defined six key risk factors in the workplace for the development of these disorders, including CTS: (1) repetition, (2) high force, (3) awkward joint posture, (4) direct pressure, (5) vibration, and (6) prolonged constrained posture. Through many of the studies I have read, many believe that incorrect posture may play a large role in the development of CTS, particularly in people who work at computer and other types of keyboards. The tendency to roll the shoulders forward, round the lower back, and thrust the chin forward can shorten the neck and shoulder muscles compressing nerves in the neck. This can affect the wrist, fingers, and hand. It has been difficult to obtain relia ble data on the relation between repetitive hand and wrist tasks and CTS. Studies indicate thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome1712 Words   |  7 PagesCarpal Tunnel Syndrome Abstract The wrist is surrounded by a band of fibrous tissue, which normally functions as a support for the joint. The tight space between this fibrous band and the wrist bone is called the carpal tunnel (The Stay Well Company, 1999). The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel to receive sensations from the thumb, index, and middle fingers of the hand. Any condition that causes swelling or a change in position of the tissue withinRead MoreCarpal Tunnel Syndrome : Overview887 Words   |  4 PagesCARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME Overview There are 8 small bones known as carpal bones of the wrist. A ligament (also known as retinaculum) is located in front of the wrist. Between this muscle and carpal bones in a space called the carpal tunnel. The muscles that attach the forewarn muscles to the fingers that passed through the carpal tunnel. A main nerve to the hand (median nerve) also passes through this tunnel before dividing into smaller divisions in the palm of your hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome isRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome928 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiencing pelvic girdle pain, it is due to Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD). Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction is caused by stretchy ligaments in your pelvic area. The increased blood volume pressurises your blood vessels and results in varicose veins. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, leg cramps, feet swelling and bleeding gums are likely to continue in week 25 of your pregnancy. Because normal daily hair loss is suppressed by pregnancy hormones, you may notice that your hair becomes thick and glossy. However, all thisRead MoreA Study On Dry Needling1466 Words   |  6 Pagesdry needling fits within the Physical Therapist Scope of Practice because it has shown to â€Å"alleviate impairment and functional limitation† (APTA, 2014). This being said, dry needling has benefitted patients experiencing chronic pain such as; carpal tunnel and plantar fasciitis (Ries, 2015). In addition, the majority of patients who have received dry needling incorporated into their physical therapy treatments have experienced positive results. Patients not only recovered quicker, but increasedRead More Human Growth Hormone Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesboosted immune function and kidney function, lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol, and smoother skin. The studies that have been done do not strongly support these claims. The risks involved in human growth hormone ad ministration are edema, carpal tunnel syndrome, and joint pain. 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Calculations using these results showed that if there really is no difference in success rates between surgery and splints, then there is about a 1 in 1000 chance of getting success rates like the one obtainedRead MoreThe Examination Of Jenny Enters The Clinic1655 Words   |  7 Pageswould ask how often does she spend typing in a day, does her keyboard have feet to elevate it, and I would ask her to demonstrate the position she uses to type. Those questions are important in determining whether Jenny may be experiencing carpal tunnel syndrome, because keyboard use and typing has been shown to be more prevalent in people who type more (Atroshi, 2007). I would then go on to ask Jenny to describe the type of pain she is feeling, I would ask Jenny to point to what parts of her bodyRead MoreEffects of Daily Media Use on Youth Obesity910 Words   |  4 Pageschildren and teens needs to be controlled. If it is not, this could potentially lead to negative ramifications, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, obesity, internet addiction, and negative effects on the brain. For a start, the carpal tunnel syndrome can be caused by excessive and repetitive movements of the wrists and hands. Prolonged use of the mouse and keyboard can cause carpal tunnel as it is required to rapidly press buttons in order to complete the objective in many video games. Whether it be clicking

The Portrayal of Metamorphosis in Educating Rita by Willy...

The Portrayal of Metamorphosis in Educating Rita by Willy Russell In this essay, I am going to discuss the portrayal of metamorphosis in Willy Russell’s ‘Educating Rita.’ I am going to write about how the play’s two round characters, Frank and Rita, change their attitudes, confidence, lifestyle, appearance and their overall look on life throughout the course of the play. To do this, I will analyse Frank and Rita at the start of the play and then go on to comment on how they change from the beginning to the end of the play. The writer who wrote this brilliant play is called Willy Russell. He was born in 1947 in Liverpool and lived most of his life there. He came from a typical working class†¦show more content†¦At first, she is very bubbly and chatty when she meets her insecure and quiet, tutor, Frank. They could never know how their personalities and attitudes could affect each other and help them to eventually change for the better. When the play was made into a film in 1984, it was so good that it received a Bafta for best film, best actress and also the best actor. It could be considered that the writer of the play tries to show his own metamorphosis through the character of Rita. He successfully shows how he and Rita both came from a deprived background and changed their lives dramatically with hard work and determination. At the beginning of ‘Educating Rita,’ we see Rita as a very forthcoming and lively person. This is evident as the first time that she actually meets her tutor, Frank; she is extremely open and talkative with him. â€Å"Well that’s no good always meanin to, is it? Y’ should get on with it; one of these days you’ll be shoutin’ ‘come in’ an’ it’ll go on forever because the poor sod on the other side won’t be able to get in. An’ you won’t be able to get out.† This quotation shows us that Rita is incredibly friendly and is not at all shy. She is not embarrassed to speak her mind. This is the first impression that the reader has of Rita. Although we see that Rita is open and forward, we also learn that she is uneducated and doesn’t believe that she

Assessment of Developmental Stages of a Child Free Essays

The significance of milestones Milestones are usually grouped together in five major areas which are to be assessed during the growth and development of a child. They are: physical growth, cognitive development, language development, and sensory and motor development. The assessment of the physical development of a child is very important during the growth and development of a child from infancy to adolescence and also the later years, it helps in that it allows the parents of the child as well as health care workers to see if there are any abnormalities in the child during this period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of Developmental Stages of a Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now The assessment of the cognitive development of the child is also very important in order to detect if the child has any difficulties in learning, grasping and understanding concepts such as dyslexia. Social and emotional development should also be assessed in order to see how well the child can interact with peers and other persons in order to determine if the child has or will have a phobia in the later years of his or her development. The study was conducted in the presence of a nine year old child where in all the following areas of development were observed physical development, cognitive development, and social and emotional development. The reason why this specific age was selected was because it would have provided more opportunity for the researcher to observe and assess the different areas of development vastly and on a wider scale. Letters were sent to the parents of the child explaining the reason of the research and the different areas that were being observed. The researcher presented herself in a modest way so that the child would feel a sense of comfort while under observation. The study was conducted over a four day period where the following findings were observed. Day One On day one the area of focus was physical development. The writer started out by assessing Amanda (not her real name) who is nine years old, she weighs ninety pounds and measures 4feet 9inches. Being that she is nine years old, she has passed the some of her milestones which includes sitting up and rolling over. The researcher also asked the parents of the child other questions such as; at what age did she start creeping? At what age did she start creeping? At what age she began sitting up on her own? Among a host of other questions pertaining to her growth and development physically. This was to find out if the child had any physical disabilities during her earlier stages of growing and developing. The writer further went on to investigate how much the child could follow instructions. As a result the child was then asked to get dressed both formally and informally. The instructions were followed accordingly. She was able to dress herself properly; this allowed the researcher to see how well the child can follow instructions when given. She is able to understand, analyze and follow the directions when given. After looking at how the child followed instructions in regards to getting dressed, the researcher went on to observe how the child manipulated objects. This was done by placing the child in an area where different types of objects were present. She was able to differentiate between shapes and the objects that were present. Jigsaw puzzles were solved, shapes were recognized and the child was able to identify other objects in and around the play area. This indicated that the child while at play displayed great sensory motor skills and can use them effectively; she also seems to be well alert and has a great sense of humor she also seems to deal with different types of situations how they ought to be dealt with. Day Two On day two the researcher’s main area of focus was on cognitive development, this area of focus is mainly linked to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development focuses on four stages. They are: sensory motor, pre operations, concrete operations and formal operations. Piaget observed that cognitive development refers to changes that occur in an individual’s cognitive structure, ability to process from childhood to adulthood. Piaget went on to state that at this stage (concrete operations 7-11), the child should be able to; conceptualize effectively, solve problems easily and create logics based on his or her cognitive experiences. The child observed was able to have discussions on a more logical basis and gave positive responses. The child was able to sit with the researcher and have discussions about her life as a little girl. She was asked different questions such as; what she would like to become in the future? How big would she like her house to be? What type of car would she like to own? Among others, she gave positive responses and seems to be well prepared for her future. She gave response such as; â€Å"I would like to become a doctor and have my own business running different from my career such as a super market or a toy store for little kids, I would also like to own a three story house with two Toyota motor vehicles and my house is going to be surrounded by some big pit bull dogs and will be under twenty four hour security protection†. The researcher noted how effective the child was able to use the English language. She speaks the English Language fluently for a child her age. Many factors though is said to have contributed to this as the mother recalls that during her pregnancy, she read a lot. The child is provided with the proper printed resources and education friendly. The child is also provided with games that will enhance her memory she has both printed and electronically inclined games to enhance her memory. This type of environment enables her to gain the knowledge and necessary skills required to be able to: 1) reason effectively, 2) solve problems effectively, 3)explore the environment. 4) have a good memory. The child was always corrected whenever she makes a mistake. Hence, the child has a full advantage of how to speak English language as to Creole which is dominant in her community. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development the child has passed the first two stages which are sensory motor (stage one) and pre operations (stage two). The child is presently at the concrete operations which she is almost completed all the activities that are to be done at this stage effectively. Day Three and Four The area of focus on days three and four were social and emotional development. Social and emotional development is a very important aspect of development in a child’s life. It is normally harder to pinpoint than other signs of development such as physical development. This area emphasizes many skills that increase self-awareness and self-regulation The researcher observed the child while she was interacting with some of her friends that came over to her house, since this was the most convenient to the researcher as well as to the child. Based on the observations the child seems to have communicated well and had no difficulty responding and interacting with her peers. At play the child seemed to be enthused and played well with her friends. She seemed to be the leader of everything they did in their peer group and was always quick to correct her friends whenever any of them made any mistakes. This is a clear indication that Amanda has no difficulties when interacting with her peers, and also seem to have pleasure during interaction with others. During meal time, the researcher had the opportunity to sit with the family for a few minutes to observe Amanda at meal time. She seems to have good etiquettes and knows how to conduct herself when she is around the table and was correcting her smaller sister when she did not conform to the table rules. She was also sharing with her parents what her teacher taught her at school about do’s and don’ts while sitting around the table at meal time. She was able to maneuver the knife and fork properly and she was enthused in sharing some of the family traditions and norms that were passed down to her by her family with the researcher she also gave her view point on them when asked. She seems to have good communicating skills and enjoys interaction with her peers, family and also with others. When interacting with her friend she explained to them that she does not like to be shouted at also whenever her mother talks to her in a rough manner he goes to sit by herself and appears to be sad. Whenever her father comes in from work she normally runs to him and gives him a big hug. This shows that the child is emotionally attached to her parents. How to cite Assessment of Developmental Stages of a Child, Papers

The Giver by Louis Lowry free essay sample

The Giver by Louis Lowry Chapter 1-2 1. What did the word frightened mean, according to Jonas? The word frightened meaning according to Jonas was a deep, sickening feeling of something terrible about to happen. 2. About what were Jonas and the other children taught to be careful? Jonas and the other children were taught to be careful about language. 3. How did Jonas decide he felt? What was causing this feeling? Jonas felt apprehensive. The Ceremony of Twelve was causing Jonas’s apprehensive feelings. 4. What were the two occasions when release was not punishment? The twp occasions when release was not a punishment was the release of the elderly and release of a newchild. 5. Why was the Ceremony of Twelve so important? The Ceremony of Twelve’s is where a child turning twelve would get their adult job and was the end of their childhood and start of their adult life. Chapters 3-5 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver by Louis Lowry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What was unusual about Jonas and the new child? Jonas and the new child had pale eyes while the community members had dark eyes. 2. Describe the Assignment of Birthmother. What did Lilys parents say about it? They said the assignment did not have much honor and the birthmothers had only three children also they were not allowed to see the children and were given jobs as laborers for the rest of their lives. 3. What happened to the apple while Jonas was playing with it? The apple changed for an instance when Jonas was playing with it. 4. Describe the of Celebration Release of Roberto. The release of Roberto started with him talking about his life. Then people cheered, and chanted the anthem. After that Roberto made a good-bye speech then he bowed and walked through a special door in the releasing room. 5. Did Larissa know where Roberto or anyone else went when they were released? Larissa did not know where Roberto or anyone else went when they were released. 6. About what was Jonass dream? What did his mother and father say about it? Jonas had a dreamt that he wanted Fiona to take off her clothes and get in a bathtub. His parents said it was the stirrings and his mother gave him a pill that would stop them. She said he would have to take one every day until he entered the house of the old. Chapters 6-7 1. Describe the jacket that the Fours, Fives, and Sixes wore and the reason it was designed the way it was. Also describe the jacket the Sevens wore and what it symbolized. The jacket the Fours, Fives, and Sixes wore buttoned down the back so that the other children would have to help each other dress and learn interdependence. The jacket the Sevens wore had buttons in the front, which symbolized independence and growing up. 2. Describe the Ceremony. Tell what happened at the Naming and the other age levels. During the ceremony they were newborns received their names and parents. The eights received new jackets with smaller buttons and pockets. The Nines got their bicycles. The Tens had their long hair cut off. The female Elevens got new undergarments. The male Elevens got longer trousers with a special pocket for their school calculator. 3. What Assignment did Asher get? He was assigned assistant director of recreation. 4. What happened when Jonas’ number should have been called? What did Jonas think? When Jonas’ number should have been called the Chief Elder did not call his number. Jonas had thought he had done something wrong then taught he had skipped his number at the end. Chapters 8-10 1. What was Jonas Assignment? Why was it important and unusual? Jonas was assign to become the new Receiver of Memory for the Community. It was unusual and important because the Community only had one Receiver and he chose his successor and being the receiver was the most important job in the community. 2. What were the four qualities the Chief Elder said the Receiver of Memory must have? The four qualities the Chief Elder said the Receiver of Memory must have are intelligence, integrity, courage, and wisdom. 3. What happened when Jonas was looking out at the crowd? When Jonas was looking out at the crowd they changed the way the apple had changed. 4. Did Jonas agree or disagree with the committees choice of him as the new Receiver? Jonas agreed with it. 5. What happened the last time a new Receiver had been chosen? The last time the girl was not successful and no one knew what had happened. 6. From what rules was Jonas exempted? Jonas was exempted from rules of lying, rudeness and ask anyone any question and he would receive an answer. 7. What was Jonas prohibited from doing? Jonas was prohibited from telling his dreams. 8. What was he allowed to do that he had not been allowed to do before? He was allowed to lie. 9. What memories did the Receiver of Memory say he had to transmit to Jonas? The receiver said it was the memories of the whole world. 10. What was the first memory the Receiver said he would give to Jonas? He said he would give the memory of snow. Short Answer A. Compare and contrast Jonas from the beginning of the novel to the end. At the beginning of the novel Jonas was a normal member of the community. He obeyed all the rules and didnt do anything wrong. But all this changed when he started to receive the memories from the Giver. The changes were not imminent but he grew into them. Jonas started to lie to his parents and soon his friends. This was one of the major changes in Jonas in the novel. Jonas learned his happy community was not so happy. This was due to the fact that no one had feelings except him and the Giver. Jonas started to see the colors which was a major change because all his life he saw in the grayscale. He soon figured out that everything was fake in their community and the rules against lying were fake too because his father lied many times about the release of a newborn. Also Jonas receives wisdom from the Giver. In the end Jonas leaves the community just to make people feel, see and hear. B. Would you recommend The Giver to a friend to read? Why? Yes, I would recommend this novel to a friend to read because it is its an amazing book and really sad to read. Also this novel uses great vivid languages to help the reader understand the feel of the memories that the Giver gives to Jonas.

Rosa Parks Essays - Montgomery Bus Boycott, Community Organizing

Rosa Parks Essays - Montgomery Bus Boycott, Community Organizing Rosa Parks Who is Rosa Parks? Rosa Parks is someone who grew up believing people should be judged by the respect they have for themselves and others. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa Parks is mostly known for standing up for herself and for other all other African Americans when she refused to go to the back of the bus to give up her seat for a white man. (Le Blanc, 190) When Rosa took a stand, she didn?t do it to make her name go down in history. She did it because she believed in herself and she stood up for an injustice she thought was wrong. Rosa Parks is a courageous and very remarkable person. Rosa Parks was born in Tuskagee, Alabama. When she was a young child her parents separated. After her parents got divorced, she moved to Montgomery with her mom. (Le Blanc, 189) She grew up with an extended family that consisted of her maternal grandparents and Sylvester, her younger brother. (Le Blanc, 189) Rosa?s mother was a school teacher and she was taught by her until age 11. (Celsi, 1) At age 11 she went to Montgomery Industrial School for Girls. It was an all black school. Everything in Montgomery was either ?blacks only? or ?whites only.? Though she found it humiliating, Parks became used to obeying segregation laws. (Celsi, 1) ?With her mother?s help, Rosa was able to grow up proud of herself and other black people.? (Contemporary Black Biography, 190) By the time she reached the midpoint of her life, Rosa was no longer a stranger to white intimidation. (Le Blanc, 190) At the age of 20, Rosa married Raymond Parks, who was a barber. Rosa and Raymond had to keep steady jobs to support themselves. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa hated the way of life. She had always dreamed of equality and freedom. (Stewart, 1) Although Rosa grew up with segregation, she turned out to be a very well rounded unique person many people can look up to. She was just a normal person with a normal life, but she did something that not many black people back then had the courage to do?she stood up for herself. In Rosa?s spare time, she became active in the NAACP. She was also active in the Montgomery Voters League. (Le Blanc, 190) The Montgomery Voters League was a group that helped black people pass a special test so they could register to vote. (Le Blanc, 190) Rosa had been silently protesting segregation in her own quiet way over the years. For example, instead of riding up an elevator that said ?blacks only? she would take the stairs. (Le Blanc, 190) The most well known boycott is the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This was a boycott that took place in response to Rosa?s arrest. Her arrest caused black people throughout Montgomery to refuse to ride buses. (Church, 393) The success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott encouraged a wave of massive demonstrations that swept across the South. (Church, 394) Rosa Parks has succeeded in establishing herself in history by what she did. She is one of the most honored and distinguished African Americans in our history. (Asante, 71) Rosa Parks stood didn?t only stand up for herself, she stood up for racism. It must have been hard for her because not only was she an African American, she was also a woman, and back then things were much more difficult for women. Even though Rosa did something very courageous, some might say she isn?t the best leader. Many leaders give speeches, lead demonstrations and write petitions. Rosa Parks didn?t do any of these things. Other people were motivated to do these things because of her standing up for herself. (Asante, 71) The most important incident that happened in Rosa?s life occurred on December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks was riding the bus home from work like she did every day. But that day had been especially tiring. (Le Blanc, 190) The bus was a constant irritation to black people. The front four rows were reserved for whites (and remained empty even when there were not enough white passengers to fill them). The back section, which was always very crowded, was for black passengers. In between

Talking about Age in the Media

Talking about Age in the Media Talking about Age in the Media Talking about Age in the Media By Maeve Maddox Everyone wants to live longer, but no one wants to be old. –Harry Moody, director of academic affairs for AARP (2012). To me old age is always ten years older than I am. –Bernard Baruch, American financier (1870-1965). About forty-two million Americans are 65 years or older. Advertisers, politicians, and researchers often need to refer to this group, but finding a term that will not insult its members is not easy. Various terms have been suggested with varying degrees of success. Elder, elderly, senior, and retiree are the most common. In Canada, according to what I’ve read in forums, the term elder has connotations of venerable age and wisdom; in the United States, however, people tend to associate elder with disapproving church elders or the word elderly. The decline of the acceptability of the word elder is illustrated by the name change of a travel organization established in 1975 for active Americans 60 and older. The parent organization is still called Elderhostel, but in advertising, the program is now known agelessly as â€Å"Road Scholar.† Even the word retiree is heavy with the connotations of age. These days, the American Association of Retired People (founded 1958) goes by its initials only: AARP. When politicians talk about â€Å"our seniors† in the same breath as â€Å"our children,† mature adults understandably bristle. An article in The Senior Times says that the term â€Å"senior citizen† was coined in 1938 during a political campaign. Its use soars on the Ngram Viewer beginning in the 1940s. According to National Public Radio reporter Ina Jaffe, â€Å"senior citizen† is a term that â€Å"seems to annoy just about everyone.† Recognizing the minefield of age and terms relating to it, The AP Stylebook has this entry for the word elderly: Use this word carefully and sparingly. Do not refer to a person as elderly unless it is clearly relevant to the story. It is appropriate in generic phrases that do not refer to specific individuals: concern for the elderly, a home for the elderly, etc. If the intent is to show that an individual’s faculties have deteriorated, cite a graphic example and give attribution for it. Use age when available and appropriate. Apply the same principle to terms such as senior citizen. Age is one of the realities of life that our culture prefers to deny. It’s unlikely that any term can be found to refer to old people that would not be offensive to someone because in our culture, old age itself is seen as offensive. Perhaps the safest course is to refer to the intended age group in numeric terms: between the ages of 65 and 75 above the age of 65 septuagenarian octogenarian nonagenarian centenarian Colloquial synonyms for â€Å"old person† range from friendly to deliberately hurtful, for example: old-timer oldster codger dotard crone coot Although the word codger (like coot) usually has a negative connotation, this review about Dick Van Dyke in the Chicago Tribune (1992) makes a kind of compliment of it: The wonderfully funny Dick Van Dyke, insufficiently honored in his prime, has now passed into the lovable-old-codger stage. His comic gifts are sharper than ever, and he still dances with grace, style and a naughty insouciance. He is much too good for the quirky-old-coot roles that are his lot nowadays. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with Heart50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersComma Before Too?

Problem-solving proposals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem-solving proposals - Essay Example These problems can be attributed to the actions and strategies instituted by all the previous CEOs (â€Å"Worst of 2012†). This topic is interesting as it gives an outlook on some of the important management issues relating to the business operations in the current business environment. Businesses need to make the relevant management changes to cope with the challenges in the internal environment including employee motivation and external environment such as increasing competition and dynamic customer demands. It is clear that there is lack of stability in the leadership, and this has made it complex for the company to maintain consistency in the company. It has been noted that each CEO has instituted more dramatic strategies than their predecessors, which have led to substantial changes in the company’s direction. The HP case study is one of a kind and has valuable lessons to managers and business students worldwide. Statement of the Problem Over the past few years, HP has lost approximately three quarters of their value, and this can be observed from its performance in the stock market (â€Å"Worst of 2012†). Any efforts to turn around the company’s deteriorating performance have proven to be futile. In the past ten years, the company has made efforts to transform its leadership and has lurched from one approach to another and recruited highly skilled leaders to amend the daunting problem of poor management. In 1999, the company brought on board Carly Fiorina whose main strategy focused on repositioning the company by taking the customers’ needs into account (â€Å"Worst of 2012†). It was under her leadership that the company made one of the most detrimental moves by entering into a merger with one of HP’s archrivals, Compaq. This was aimed at improving speed in preparation for the advent of the Internet era’ however, the strategy failed to meet the set objectives. HP then recruited Mark Hurd in 2005 to deal with the issue of decreasing profitably (â€Å"Worst of 2012†). The company experienced immense growth and increased revenues under the leadership of Mark Hurd. However, this was short lived in 2010 when he was suddenly suspended over sexual harassment allegations (â€Å"Worst of 2012†). This led to an upfront challenge to his predecessor as he would have to live up to Hurd’s exemplary reputation. The company then outsourced Leo Apotheker who worked at a Germany-based software company. Apotheker focused too much on software development and worked at the company for a short time (â€Å"Worst of 2012†). Currently, the company is under the leadership of Meg Whitman who is working tirelessly to solve the problems at HP. The third quarter earnings reveal that the company is not doing so well; however, Meg Whitman retorts that there are a lot of areas that need fixing. She claims that the company is at the initial stages of its take-off. Conversely, financ ial analysts are skeptical about this and argue that it could be a repeat of what has happened with predecessors. She states that HP is facing three major challenges including execution of proposed strategies, industry trends as well as macroeconomic problems. Presently, the company has a market capitalization of 46.92 B, revenue of 115.57 B, EPS – 6. 85 and from the PE ratio we can conclude that the

Learning Diary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Diary - Essay Example When I was growing up, one of my favourite quotes was byAlexander Graham Bell who said: â€Å" A man, as a general rule, owes a very little to what he is born with – a man is what he makes of himself†. I have made it a habit of writing down my goals and dreams and keep track of my achievements or failures in life, and hence when we were asked to keep a learning diary or log of experiences and activities undertaken during the MSc year I was even happier because this was now officially a part of my course. Body: When I look at my life right now, I am excited at what lies ahead of me. I have always been an optimist and the future seems bright and filled with possibilities. I presently work at a bank and love my job, and am well on the way to becoming a manager for the bank in the near future. Completing my Master’s degree in Business Management will add to my advantage of securing this position, which I consider to be prestigious and filled with challenges. However when I started working with the Bank, it was a whole new experience and because of the hard work and my extra effort put into my job over a period of time, I have managed to earn the respect of my colleague’s and more important get noted by the senior management and win the trust of my customers. I had put down quite a few goals which I wanted to achieve at the Bank into my Learning Diary and would review it every fortnight to personally rate my performance at work. Goals give you a sense of meaning and purpose. Goals give you a sense of direction. As you move toward your goals and you feel happier and stronger, you feel more energized and effective. You feel more competent and confident in yourself and your abilities. Every step you take toward your goals increases your belief that you can set and achieve even bigger goals in the future. My personal achievements at work can be categorised under three main headings. Respect from my Colleagues: My colleagues are the greatest in the world, simply because they appreciate and respect me so much for all the hard work that I have put in, the extra hours and the fact that I am always available to help them out when they ask, even if it means I have to stay back late. My skill and knowledge acquired in the Banking sector has increased and they often come to me for advice or a solution to a problem they are facing. Trust from my Customers: Edgar Watson Howe once said " The greatest humiliation in life is to work hard on something from which you expect great appreciation, and then fail to get it". Thank God, that doesn't apply to me. The customers more often that not pay compliments or sometimes go a step further and put in a personal word or send across an email to my Manager's and let them know I am doing a good job. Recognition from my Manager's: The good thing about the job is that there is a

Density Functional Theory (DFT): Literature Review

Density Functional Theory (DFT): Literature Review Theoretical Background and Literature Review 2.1 Density Functional Theory This section covers basics about Density Functional Theory (DFT), which is the theoretical method behind our investigations. For those who are interested in a much more deep knowledge about the DFT we refer to textbooks such as [29] and [30]. 2.1.1 History of Density Functional Theory To get precise and accurate results from both theoretical and computational methods, the scale of physical phenomena must be well defined. In physics and material science the relevant scales of matter are time and size. In computational material science, for the multiscale understanding in both time and size scale the smallest relevant scale of atomic interactions are best described by ab initio techniques. These techniques are based on the determination of electronic structure of the considered materials and an intelligent transfer of its characteristics to higher-order scales using multidisciplinary schemes. More specifically, if the interaction of electrons is solely described using universal principles such as the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics condensed in the Schrodinger equation, these simulations are called firstprinciples, or ab initio methods. One can also separate those methods as Hartree-Fock and post-HF techniques that mainly uses by quantum chemistry field and De nsity Functional Theory (DFT) which is typically used in of material science. Ab initio simulations are becoming remarkably popular in scientific research fields. For example in DFT case, in a simple search at Web Of Science [31] or any other publication search tool, one can easily see that number of publications that include †Density Functional Theory† in their title or abstract is over 15000 in 2013. Therefore, it can be concluded that, ab initio based research already an important third discipline that makes the connection between experimental approaches and theoretical knowledge. Figure 2.1: Usage trend of DFT over years Within ab initio simulations quantum mechanical equations for any system that may be ordered or disordered are solved. That actually gives one drawback which is, solving that kind of equations is generally only possible for simple systems, because of the expensive electron-electron interaction term. So, in general, the ab initio simulations are restricted to 150-200 atoms calculations with most powerful computer clusters. Due to the that severe limitation, better techniques and methods are developed and implemented to bring the real materials into realm of ab initio simulations. The major development of ab initio methods with practical applications took place when many electron interactions in a system was possible to be approximated using a set of one electron equations (Hartree-Fock method) or using density functional theory In 1927, Thomas [32] and Fermi [33] introduce a statistical model to compute the energy of atoms by approximate the distribution of electrons in an atom. Their concept was quite similar to modern DFT but less rigorous because of the crucial manybody electronic interaction was not taken into account. The idea of the Thomas and Fermi was that, at the starting point for simplicity that electrons do not interact with each other and using classic terms, therefore, one can describe the kinetic energy as a functional of electron density of non-interacting electrons in a homogeneous electron gas. 3 years later, in 1930, Dirac [34] succeeded to include the many-body exchange and correlation terms of the electrons and actually he formulated the local density approximation (LDA), that is still used in our days. However, the Thomas-Fermi and Dirac model that are based on homogeneous electron gas do not cover the accuracy demand in current applications. In same the years as Thomas and Fermi, Hartree [35] also introduce a procedure to calculate approximate wavefunctions and energies for atoms and that was called Hartree function. Some years later, to deal with antisymmetry of the electron system, his students Fock [36] and Slater[37], separately published self-consistent functions taking into account Pauli exclusion principals and they expressed the multi-electron wavefunction in the form of single-particle orbitals namely Slater-determinants. Since the calculations within the Hartree-Fock model are complicated it was not popular until 1950s. The fundamental concepts of density functional theory were proposed by Hohenberg and Kohn in their very well known paper in the year 1964 [38]. The main idea was trying to use the electron density instead of complex and complicated wavefunction. A wavefunction contains 3N variables, where N is the number of electrons and each electron has 3 spatial degrees of freedom. In contrast to that electron density contains only 3 variables. Therefore, the implementation of the electron density with 3 variables will be more easy to handle than 3N wavefunction variables. In their work, Hohenberg and Kohn proved that all ground state properties of a quantum system, in particular the ground state total energy, are unique functionals of the ground state density. However, the Hohenberg-Kohn (HK) formulation is not useful for actual calculations of ground state properties with enough accuracy. A major improvement was achieved one year later, in 1965. Kohn and Sham [39] proposed a formulation by partially going back to a wavefunction description in terms of orbitals of independent quasi particles. The main idea was that the many-body problem can be mapped onto a system of non-interacting quasiparticles. This approach simplified the multi-electron problem into a problem of non-interacting electrons in an effective potential. This potential includes the external potential and the effects of the Coulomb interactions between the electrons, e.g., the exchange and correlation interactions. Since then up to now the Kohn-Sham equations are used in practically all calculations based on DFT. 2.1.2 Schr ¨odinger’s Equation In quantum mechanics, analogue to Newtons equations in classical mechanics, the Schr ¨odinger equation is used. This is a partial differential equation and used to describe the physical quantities at the quantum level. The Schr ¨odinger equation forms the basis of many ab initio approaches and its non-relativistic form is an eigenvalue equation of the form: HˆÎ ¨(ri,Rj)= EÃŽ ¨(ri,Rj) (2.1) where ÃŽ ¨(ri,Rj) is the wavefunction of the system depending on the electron coordinates ri,i =1N and the coordinates of all nuclei in the system Rj,j =1M. Hˆis the Hamiltonian of a system that contains M nuclei and N electrons. Therefore, the Schr ¨odinger equation that involves both nuclei and electrons has to be solved for the many-body eigenfunctions ÃŽ ¨(r1,r2, , rN ; R1,R2, , RM ). The many-body Hamiltonian can be written in the form: Hˆ= Tˆe + Tˆn + Vˆnn + Vˆen + Vˆee (2.2) ˆˆ where all of parts are operators. Te and Tn are the kinetic energies of the ˆˆ electrons and nuclei, respectively. Ven, Vee and Vˆnn represent the attractive electrostatic interaction between the electron and the nuclei and the repulsive potential due to the electron-electron and nucleus-nucleus interactions. One can also write them down explicitly: N f2 ˆ Te = − 2 i (2.3) 2me i=1 M 2Mn n=1 f2 ˆ Tn = − 2 n (2.4) 11 M ZnZme2 = (2.5) 4Ï€ 0 2 |Rn − Rm| =1;n,mn =m ˆ Vnn ˆ Ven = − 11 MN Zne2 (2.6) 4Ï€ 0 2 |ri − Rn| n=1 i=1 j= M e = (2.7) 4Ï€ 0 2 |ri − rj| i,j=1;i 2 11 ˆ Vee where me and Mn are the electron and nuclei masses, Zn is the nuclear number of the n-th atom, e is the electronic charge and f is the Planck constant. For simplicity one can also use atomic units. Then the Hamiltonian takes the form: NMM ZnZm in 22 |Rn − Rm| i=1 n=1 n,m=1;n =m 1 1 ˆ H = − 2 2 − + (2.8) j= MNMZn − + |ri − Rn||ri − rj| n=1 i=1 i,j=1;i 2.1.3 Born-Oppenheimer Approximation It is clear that forces on both electrons or nuclei is in the same order of magnitude because of their electric charge. Therefore, the expected momen 1 tum changes due to that forces must be the same. However electrons are much smaller than nuclei (e.g. even for Hydorgen case nuclei nearly 1500 times larger than an electron) they must have higher velocity than nuclei. One can conclude that electrons will very rapidly adjust themselves to reach the ground state configuration if the nuclei start moving. Born and Oppenheimer [40] published their work in 1927, they simply separated the nuclear motion from electronic motion which is now known as the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Therefore, while solving the Hamiltonian Equation in (2.8) one can simply assume nuclei as stationary and solve the electronic ground state at first then calculate the energy of the system in that configuration and solve the nuclei motion. Then the separation of electronic and nuclear motion leads to an separation of the wavefunctions ÃŽ ¨ = ψφ of electrons and nuclei, respectively. Via the separation one can treat the nuclear motion externally by not in cluding the Hamiltonian and the â€Å"electronic† Hamiltonian can be written as: Hˆe = Tˆe + Vˆen + Vˆee (2.9) Solving the equation (2.9), one can get the total energy of the ground state of the system, which can be defined as: E0 = ψ0|He|ψ0 + Vnn (2.10) where E0 is the ground state total energy of the system and ψ0 is the eigenfunction of the electronic ground state. 2.1.4 Hohenberg-Kohn Theorem However, the Hamiltonian in Equation (2.9) is quite complicated to solve for realistic systems due to the high number of electrons and especially the term Vee makes it impossible to solve the problem exactly. Therefore, instead of solving the many-body wavefunctions, Hohenberg-Kohn deal with that problem by reducing it to the electron density Ï (r). This approach makes the fundamentals of DFT. According to Hohenberg and Kohn, the total energy of the system can be defined via the electron density as E = E[Ï (r)] and it will be the minimum for the ground state electron distribution, namely Ï 0(r). Therefore, the exact theory of many-body systems reduced to the electron density that can be defined as: Ï (r)= d3 r2d3 rN |ψ(r1, rN )|2 (2.11) and has to obey the relation: Ï (r)d3 r = N (2.12) where N is the total number of electrons in the system. One can also summarize the HK theorem in the form of the two main theorems, Theorem I : The external potential vext(r), which is the potential energy generated by the nuclei, can be determine from the ground state electron density Ï 0(r). Then Hamiltonian will be fully defined, also the wavefunction for the ground state will also be known. Theorem II : E0,the ground state total energy of the system with a particular vext will be the global minimum when Ï  = Ï 0. From the perspective of these two theorems one can write down the total electronic energy as: E[Ï ]= Te[Ï (r)] + Ï (r)vext[Ï (r)] + EH [Ï (r)] + Exc[Ï (r)]d3 r (2.13) One can also add the kinetic energy of the electrons T − e[Ï (r)], the classical Coulomb interaction (or Hartree interaction) between electrons EH [Ï (r)] and the remaining complex non-classical electron exchange correlations Exc[Ï (r)] into an universal functional FHK [Ï (r)]: E[Ï ]= FHK [Ï ]+ Ï (r)vext[Ï (r)]d3 r (2.14) The remaining will be to apply the variational principle to extract the ground state energy ÃŽ ´E[Ï (r)] |Ï =Ï 0 = 0 (2.15) ÃŽ ´Ã (r) 2.2 Kohn-Sham Equations However, the Equation (2.14) does not give an accurate solution. In that point, Kohn and Sham reformulated the current approach and introduced a new scheme by considering the orbitals by mapping the fully interacting electronic system onto a fictitious system of non-interacting quasi particles moving in an effective potential.The Kohn-Sham equations solution can be written as: ˆ HKSψi = iψi (2.16) where the Hamiltonian is HˆKS =[− 1 2 + Veff (r)] (2.17) 2 Therefore, the problem of finding the many-body Schr ¨odinger equation is now replaced by solving single particle equations. Since the KS Hamiltonian is a functional of just one electron at the point r then the electron density can be defined according to HK theorem: occ. Ï (r)= |ψi(r)|2 (2.18) i=1 Besides, kinetic energy term and the classical Coulomb interaction energy of the electrons can be define as: N 1 d3 Te = − r|ψi(r)|2 (2.19) 2 i=1 1 Ï (r)Ï (r ) EH [Ï ]= d3rd3 r(2.20) 2 |r − r | Then the Hohenberg-Kohn ground state energy cn be written according to Kohn-Sham approach: N ÃŽ ´Exc EKS = i − EH [Ï ]+ Exc − (2.21) ÃŽ ´Ã (r) i i are the one electron energies and are coming from the results of KS equations results, however it has low physical meaning. The most significant term in the Equation (2.20) is the last term. which is the exchange correlation term that contains all the many-body interactions of exchange and interactions of the electrons. One can also write down it as in the form of Hohenberg-Kohn universal functional from the equation: Exc[Ï ]= FHK [Ï ] − (Te[Ï ]+ EH [Ï ]) (2.22) The total ground state energy can be obtained from EKS in Equation (2.21). Since it contains only the electronic energy, the total ground state energy of the system is calculated by adding the nuclei-nuclei repulsion term: E0(R1, , RM )= i − EH [Ï 0]+ Exc[Ï 0] − vxcÏ 0dr + Vnn(R1, , RM ) (2.23) where E0 is the total ground state energy for a given atomic configuration (R1, , R2). Therefore, the total energy depend on ionic positions that is actually depends on the volume and cell shape, so one can easily compute the ground state structure by minimizing the total energy. Also one can find the force acting on the particular atom, say atom A, by taking the derivative of the energy with respect to ionic position of A: ÃŽ ´E0(R1, .., RM ) FA(RA) = (2.24) ÃŽ ´RA which also shows the total energy dependence on atomic positions. 2.3 Calculating the Exchange-Correlation Energy The derived and brieà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡y explained KS equations from the fundamentals of all modern DFT calculations today. The most important point in the solution of KS equations are the exchange-correlation functional Exc which also determines the quality of the calculation. There are two well known approximation methods to get the exchange correlations: local density approximation (LDA)[39] and generalized gradient approximation (GGA)[41, 42]. 2.3.1 Local Density Approximation The local density approximation starts with a very simple approximation that, for regions of material where the charge density is slowly varying, the exchange-correlation energy at that point can be considered as the same as for a local uniform electron gas of the same charge density. In that case one can write the Exc as: Exc = Ï (r) xc(r) (2.25) where xc(r) is the exchange correlation energy per electron in an homogenous electron gas of density Ï (r). Even though the approximation is seemingly simple it is suprisingly accurate. However, it also has some drawbacks such as under-predict on of ground state energies and ionisation, while overpredicting binding energies as well as slightly favouring the high spin state structures and does not work fine for some systems where the charge density is rapidly changing. 2.3.2 Generalized Gradient Approximation Knowing the drawbacks of LDA the most logical step to go beyond LDA is not to limit oneself to the information about the charge densitiy Ï (r) at a particular point r, but also adding the information about the gradient of the charge density Ï (r) to be able to take into account the unhomogeneous density in the system. Then one can write the exchange correlation energy as : Exc[Ï ]= f(Ï , Ï )dr (2.26) That way of description leads to an improvement over LDA, nevertheless in some systems LDA still works better. There also several different parameterizations of GGA while in LDA its only one. In GGA some of these parameterizations are semi-emprical, in that experimental data (e.g. atomization energies) is used in their derivation. Others are found entirely from first principles. A commonly used functional is the PW91 functional, due to Perdew and Yang [43, 44] and most commonly used today is PBE [45, 46] by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof. 2.4 Ultra-Soft Pseudopotentials and the Projector-Augmented Wave Method In the previous section, the calculation of Exc is described. Nevertheless this is not the single sensitive point of DFT calculations. The other point is the treatment of the electron-nuclei interaction. There are several available methods that describes the electron-nuclei interaction, but the most effective

Ancient Mesopotamia and Greek inventions Essay

Our world today wasn’t entirely created from recent achievements. We have collected knowledge from ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Greece by studying their history and improving their accomplishments. These cultures have had a major impact on the daily lives of the people in the modern world. Although Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece were some of the earliest civilized cultures, they differ greatly in their achievements and innovations that played important roles for future humans. As the world’s earliest civilization, Ancient Mesopotamia’s innovations continue to affect the world. It made vital contributions in fields like science, mathematics and astronomy; they even developed a writing system. The early Mesopotamian civilization was known for inventing the first 30-day lunar calendar. Using the phases of the Moon, they counted 12 lunar months as a year. Moreover, Mesopotamians first observed a seven-day week. The invention of the calendar was a rem arkable contribution that later had a major influence on our modern calendar. The Mesopotamians also developed mathematics to a very advanced level and created the sexagesimal system for the calculation of time and angles. This system is still practical, because of the multiply divisibility of the number 60. For example, in modern times we still use 60-minute hours, 24-hour days and the 360-degree circle. The Mesopotamians developed theories to measure the area of solids and shapes, and the circumference of circles. The Mesopotamian’ s achievements laid many of the foundations for modern mathematics. One of the most remarkable contributions was the development of the first historically significant writing system of the Middle East known as cuneiform. They wrote with a stylus on special tablets of soft, wet clay, because it was the perfect surface on which to leave marks. The fact that people started to use soft clay not only for bricks and jars, but also for the writing, implied their intellect and potential future progress. Cuneiform was not a language ; however, it was the most widespread writing system in the ancient Middle East, which helped us to learn more about the Mesopotamian history and culture. Another civilization that made numerous influential contributions was Ancient Greece. The Greek civilization was famous for many admirable scholars who were recognized for remarkable achievements in the areas of math and science, medicine and architecture, which gave a rise to further discoveries by following generations. The Greeks were engaged in  mathematical study of logic; they provided one of the first proofs in mathematics and discovered irrational numbers. Even today, people still use the Pythagorean theorem, to understand and measure triangles. Greeks achieved such great progress in mathematics by using deductive reasoning, which also helped in every other discipline. Hippocrates made one of the most prominent achievements that expanded humankind’s understanding of medicine. He was the â€Å"father of medicine†, who determined the natural causes of diseases rather than blaming them on the gods punishments, and then established procedures for medical treatment. Hippocrates’ modern concepts like diet, rest, and a clean environment were be lieved to be beneficial for the human body to heal itself. Also, doctors were responsible for the patient’s well being and privacy in ancient Greece, and they strictly followed a number of professional ethical standards, later called, the Hippocratic oath. The modern version of this oath is still used today; it confides the ideas that the doctor is responsible for his/her actions in case problems arise. The ancient Greeks created the most impressive and highly distinctive architectural styles that influenced the architecture of the past two millennia. Greek architecture developed three distinct orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian; their parts and proportions were ordered and coordinated. The design, arrangement and decoration of the columns were remarkable and unique with a pure aesthetic effect. The style of Greek architecture provided the finest and the most magnificent buildings, with constant symmetry, proportion and harmony. Greek architecture can still be seen today. For example, the United States Capitol building and other federal monuments in Washington DC have notable similarities in the design, decoration of the columns with the classic Greek architecture. The ancient Mesopotamia was the first civilized territory on the globe that â€Å"began the history† by inventing a form of writing. The inventions and innovations of this civilization contributed to the evolution of humankind. The ability to write made a great impact on people’s intellectual capacities and potential future success in exploring and studying major concepts that later became fundamental for the future development of the whole humankind. Even though the Mesopotamians were the first who pioneered in mathematical studies, the Greeks’ logical approach to the mathematical problems helped them to excel in this discipline. Moreover they applied this knowledge into other areas of  science and technology, which shaped the foundation of Western civilization. Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece civilizations played a key role in the development and progress of our modern world. Without their astounding inventions we wouldn’t be able to succeed in many imp ortant spheres of science, mathematics, astronomy and technology. They say there is nothing new under the sun, which means that anything new that we create is merely an improvement on another invention from a previous inventor.

How to Remember Your Dreams

An Essay on Various Management Styles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1490 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Each organization and company has a different styles in their management but the principles of it is to underline the methods, abilities and techniques on how the superior or manager use in handling the situations and express their leadership in within an organization. Different sources stated different type of definition and types of managerial style. According to HR Zone, managerial styles are polarised in between autocratic and permissive (Anon., u.d.). Whereas according to The Times 100, there are four types of management style which are autocratic, paternalistic, democratic and laissez-faire (100, 1995-2014). It is important and needs for the manager to learn to adapt their management style in order to ensure the employees respond. The most commonly used by companies and organisation management style are democratic or participative management, Laissez-faire management, bureaucratic management, and autocratic management (style, 2014). Autocratic managers, origin fr om the word autocrat, do not make their decisions with any participation from the other stakeholders nor are any interactions with the others based on communicating these decisions. It is more like a dictatorial style as well. In autocratic management style, the superior tends to retain control and there is no consultations provided. They like to tell their employees or those who work under them what to do and they expect that their subordinates will obey to their instructions. Autocratic management tend to practice on one-way communication rather than two way communications. In this type of management style, it can help the productivity in a company or organisations because urgent tasks that need doing quickly can be completed or there is an element of risk about the work can be done on time. In this style, it might works well to those people who does not have any own decisions making or who love to follow as what they are told to do (style, 2014). However, this type of management may lead to lack of creativity of the company or it may resist if employee have no input because it is may helps a company productivity through commitment or ideas provide by the employee and have a sense of belonging to the company (100, 1995-2014). Usually directive autocratic manager supervise their subordinates closely while permissive autocrats will give their employees some degree of freedom as in how they work towards in achieving their goal. Persuasive managers are deeply different from autocratic style; however, they do put in the effort in convincing the employees of the benefits on their decision making (Anon., u.d.). As for consultative managers, it is slightly different from autocratic managers because they try to male decision which will take into account of the employee needs but employees are not allowed to provide any feedback and the flow of information is almost exclusively top-down. As permissive managers, they are also known as democratic managers in certain sources where they allow feedback from staff to provide some form of input into the decision making process and it is taken into consideration when making decisions but to a verifying degrees (Anon., u.d.). As for Laissez-faire management style, it is different from autocratic style because there is no direction or instructions or little from the managers or superior and their subordinates and employees are free to make the decisions. In certain resources, it is also known as hand off approach where the superior or employer will leave their subordinates to get on their job by themselves (style, 2014). Usually Laissez-faire practices two way communications where they will regularly get their feedback from the employee for this approach to work. However, chaos may take place because there is no centralised control and things might go wrong. This type of management gives the impact towards those who are highly skilled, trained or expert teams (100, 1995-2014). According to The Ti mes 100 (100, 1995-2014), paternalistic management style is as with autocratic but with a slightly different from autocratic where it is more sensitive towards employees feedback (Touchpoint, 2014) and it takes much responsibility for decision making but with a caring attitude for the employees (100, 1995-2014). Superior or the managers who hold on this type of management style are concerned towards their employee’s feelings and wellbeing but they will not put any individual ahead the company or organisation success. Pros of using this management style is where the employee may feel being appreciated and valued, however the cons is that they will be frustrated because they have only a little scope of making decision (100, 1995-2014), which means even though they voices out their opinion, the last and final decision making is still on the hand of their superior. Democratic management style will seeks for all the stakeholders’ opinion into account and also achieve the consensus before reaching the final decision and also the superior encourage the participation of their employees. They will also share information within their own team members and also provide opportunities for the team to influence the decision making. In this management style, it will gain the commitment from the team members and particularly when changes need to be made (100, 1995-2014). This style of management encourages more trust, harmony, productivity and job satisfaction in the overall organization. It might be useful for a small business organization or company because the feedback from their employees has the chance to be taken up. Most of the company and organization are practicing this management style in order to achieve a better productivity level. However, this style of management can be frustrated slowly, having all different parties being involved in the decision making for an easy or more seamless implementation process, but they are more likely to buy or suppo rt the decisions anyhow (Touchpoint, 2014) and sometimes the employees does not know how to do make their own decisions and they want their superior to make the decisions (style, 2014). Besides, if too much consultation time is being used in decision making, thus it will affects the company or organization productivity and reduces in its outcome. According to Bank of America, active leadership management tends to lead their subordinates and employees by example or being a role model and a high standard was set for themselves and also their employees. Usually the employers or superior will not ask an employee to do on a task that they are unwilling to do themselves. In this management style they are involved highly in a day-to-day work and are fully aware of what is happening in the office or workplace (Touchpoint, 2014). As for directive leadership management style, it stands less than authoritative compare to autocratic management style but the leaders do not typically solici t the employee input. They will uses a short time frame, an unpredictable client or any of an emergency situation as a reason or excuse for acting unilaterally. It might be true for certain times but other times they will have a bit more difficulty of letting go of control (Touchpoint, 2014). There are another several types of management style such as participatory, servant and task-oriented management style. According to The Times 100 (100, 1995-2014), participatory management style based on a coaching philosophy and it focuses more on empowering the employees and seek for their own knowledge and make their own decision when it is appropriate (100, 1995-2014). Whereas servant management style is based on people come first philosophy where it is famous with the writer Robert Greenleaf. This is based on finding talented people in order to run the company or organization and thus give power to them to do what they can do the best. The leader can sees him or her as a ‘servantà ¢â‚¬â„¢ to the customers and to encourage the workers to adopt to the same attitudes (100, 1995-2014). The final style as stated in The Times 100 is task oriented management style where the employer or leader will use this style of management probably have been a project managers before. In this management, they are expert or professionals in planning projects, allocating resources, assigning roles, setting benchmarks and keeping to strict deadlines. In our workplace, democratic management style is being practice by our company. They practice a two way communications where they take up the opportunity for the employees to voice out their ideas and suggestions in company decision making. They will consult their team members first before they make any decisions while it still maintains overall results. This way of communication actually builds a good rapport in between the employer and employee because they not only open up to the stakeholders but also those who are working for the company to feel being appreciated and being valued. In this management style, they take in the respond from their subordinates and workers seriously in order to achieve a better workplace environment and productivity of their company. By practicing this management style, it not only improves the productivity of a company or organization but it will also help to identify the problem earlier and easier. And with a good communication with the staff, it can also improve the job satisfaction and benefits staff morale too. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Essay on Various Management Styles" essay for you Create order